In this paper, the multi-area environmental economic dispatch (MAEED) problem withreserve constraints is solved by proposing an enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO)method. The objective of MAEED problem is to determine the optimal generating scheduleof thermal units and inter-area power transactions in such a way that total fuel cost andemission are simultaneously optimized while satisfying tie-line, reserve, and otheroperational constraints. The spinning reserve requirements for reserve-sharing provisions areinvestigated by considering contingency and pooling spinning reserves. The control equationof the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is modified by improving the cognitive componentof the particle's velocity using a new concept of a preceding experience. In addition, theoperators of PSO are dynamically controlled to maintain a better balance between cognitiveand social behavior of the swarm. The effectiveness of the proposed EPSO has beeninvestigated on four areas, 16 generators and four areas, 40 generators test systems. Theapplication results show that EPSO is very promising to solve the MAEED problem.
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